浅谈PMO与项目经理的关系

浅谈PMO与项目经理的关系

网友转载 2019/2/20 10:01:47

在大型及复杂项目管理中,项目经理和PMO之间既相互联系又有区别。PMO的一个主要职能是通过各种方式支持项目经理,包括(但不限于):管理PMO所辖全部项目的共享资源;识别和开发项目管理方法,最佳实践和标准;指导、辅导、培训和监督;通过项目审计,监督对项目管理标准、政策、程序和模板的遵守程度;开发和管理项目政策、程序、模板和其他共享文件(组织过程资产);协调项目之间的沟通。  

项目经理和PMO追求不同的目标,同样,受不同的需求所驱使。所有工作都必须在组织战略要求下进行调整。项目经理负责在项目约束条件下完成特定的项目成果性目标,而PMO是具有特殊授权的组织机构,其工作目标包含组织级的观点;项目经理关注于特定的项目目标,而PMO管理重要的大型项目范围的变化,以更好地达到经营目标;项目经理控制赋予项目的资源以最好地实现项目目标,而PMO对所有项目之间的共享组织资源进行优化使用;项目经理管理中间产品的范围、进度、费用和质量,而PMO管理整体的风险、整体的机会和所有的项目依赖关系。

   任何组织内PMO的结构、职能和运用都基于组织所涉及的应用领域及其所要处理的项目组合、大型项目或项目的变化而变化。组织利用PMO进行项目管理存在着普遍 公认的价值和有效性。然而,到目前为止还没有一个普遍公认的PMO结构。很多组织认识到了设立一个项目管理办公室的好处。对于那些采用矩阵型结构和项目型结构的组织来说,对这一点的体会更深,特别是当一个组织内同时管理多个项目或一系列项目时,PMO可以存在于任何组织结构中,包括职能型组织,在表4-3中越是右端的组织结构,越有可能使用PMO。  

   一个组织根据工作需要,可以为某个项目设立一个PMO,也可以为一个部门设立一个PMO统管本部门的所有项目,也可以为整个组织设立一个PMO。同样,根据需要,一个组织内,可以同时具有这三级PMO。 PMO在组织中的职能涵盖范围很广,可能从顾问到仅限于对单个的项目建议使用特定的方针和流程,直至正式的行政管理职权之间。项目团队成员直接向项目经理进行汇报,如果是公用的兼职人员,则也向PMO的管理人员汇报。项目经理直接向PMO管理人员进行汇报。此外,PMO这种集中管理的灵活性也为项目经理在组织内的发展提供了很好的机会。在具有PMO的组织中,为项目团队中的专业技术人员成长为项目管理职业人员提供了机会。


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